Max-Neefs 9 Fundamental Human Needs
The taxonomy of the fundamental human needs, and the ways in which these needs can be satisfied is developed by Manfred Max-Neef. This taxonomy is based on his work on Human Scale Development, and was published for the first time in 1986.
The nine needs are:
sustenance
safety
love
understanding/empathy
creativity
recreation
sense of belonging
autonomy
meaning
Human Scale Development is basically community development and is "focused and based on the satisfaction of fundamental human needs, on the generation of growing levels of self-reliance, and on the construction of organic articulations of people with nature and technology, of global processes with local activity, of the personal with the social, of planning with autonomy and of civil society with the state. Human needs, self-reliance, and organic articulations are the pillars which support Human Scale Development." Human Scale Development "assumes a direct and participatory democracy. This form of democracy nurtures those conditions that will help to transform the traditional, semi-paternalistic role of the Latin American state into a role of encouraging creative solutions flowing from the bottom upwards. This is more consistent with the real expectations of the people."
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